11/9/2023 0 Comments Jing dong eye doctorHowever, clinical validation about the fluctuations in tear cytokine levels exposure to air pollutants has not been reported until now. In addition, exposure to high levels of air pollutants were reported to cause ocular surface inflammation and tear cytokines increasement in animal models ( 17, 18). The importance of inflammation and tear cytokines on the pathogenesis of DED has been highlighted by the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society International Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEW II) ( 16). The ocular surface is constantly and directly exposed to the external environment however, the previous researches assessed dry eye disease (DED) only through binary symptoms or diagnosis ( 2, 14, 15). According to World Health Organization (WHO), particulate matter (PM), ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) are the most significant pollutants. Air pollution can cause an extensive range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases ( 3– 9), metabolic diseases ( 10), strokes ( 11), sudden infant death syndrome ( 12), and even an increasement of mortality ( 13). The increasing levels of environmental pollution worldwide pose a serious threat to public health ( 1– 5). Therefore, each air pollutant may influence DED via different mechanisms within different time windows. PM, O 3, and NO 2 exposures aggravated MG dysfunction and upregulated tear cytokine levels. PM 10 exposure led to tear film instability and ocular injury. The effects of air pollutants on DED symptoms/signs, MG functions and tear cytokines peaked within 1 week, 1 month, and 1 day, respectively.Ĭonclusion: Increased PM 2.5, O 3, and SO 2 exposures caused ocular discomfort and damage with tear film instability. Besides SO 2, all other pollutants were associated with aggravated MG dysfunction (MG expression, secretion, and loss) and tear cytokines increasement, such as PM 2.5 and interleukin-8 (IL-8), PM with diameter ≤10 μm (PM 10) and IL-6, NO 2 and IL-6, among others. Air pollutants were negatively correlated with TBUT and positively related with CFS score. Tear secretion was negatively correlated with O 3 and NO 2 exposures but positively correlated with PM 2.5 levels. Results: In the multi-pollutant model, the OSDI score was positively correlated with PM with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5), O 3, and SO 2 exposure. The associations between ocular surface parameters and exposure to particulate matter (PM), ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) for 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month before the examination were analyzed in single- and multi-pollutant models adjusted for confounding factors. Methods: As a prospective multicenter cohort study, 387 dry eye disease (DED) participants were recruited from five provinces in China and underwent measurements of ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer’s I test (ST), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibomian gland (MG) function, and tear cytokines. Purpose: To assess air pollution-induced changes on ocular surface and tear cytokine levels. 12Department of Ophthalmology, Yongqing People’s Hospital, Langfang, China.11Department of Ophthalmology, Tongliao City Ke’erqin Zuoyi Zhongqi People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China.10Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China.9Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Xilingol League Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China.8Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China.7Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.6Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China.5Department of Ophthalmology, Huabei Petroleum General Hospital, Cangzhou, China.4Department of Ophthalmology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China.3Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China.2Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.1Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.Ran Hao 1,2† Mingzhou Zhang 1,2† Liming Zhao 3† Yang Liu 4† Min Sun 5† Jing Dong 6† Yanhui Xu 7† Feng Wu 8† Jinwen Wei 9† Xiangyang Xin 10† Zhongping Luo 11† Shuxuan Lv 12† Xuemin Li 1,2*
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |